全程干货（形容夏天的词语）形容夏天的词语和句子

“三月三日天，花稀叶阴薄。泥新燕影忙，蜜熟蜂芭蕾舞。”

图源：Kunming

从秋分走向冬至，他们迎了凉爽美味的三月天。

你也许知道，秋分的英语是equinox，那个词其实源自拉丁文aequinoctium，表示夜间与夜空首尾，这也是秋分的气象学意义：这一天太阳照射到北半球，南南半球日夜均分，标志着秋天的到来。

The word equinox comes from the Latin term aequinoctium, meaning equality between day and night (aequi = equal and noct = night). That is what today is after all: one of the two period of the year when the sun crosses the equator and the days and nights are in equal length all over the earth, marking our spin from winter to spring.

除此以外，正像他们用孟春、Pontacq、丁年、酣春等词来比喻相同的秋天，英语里也有许多关于秋天的有意思论述。《时代》（Time）周刊为他们归纳了在那个鲜艳的时节里能加进的一些词语：

秋天的同义词

❶Primaverbal: /ˌprɪməˈvɪrəl/ adj. 初夏的

那个语源于拉丁文的“初夏”，能用以比喻初夏出现的所有事情。基于那个词，秋天也能被称为“首集”（prime time or prime tide）

❷Vernal: /ˈvɜːn(ə)l/adj. 秋天的

那个词同样能用以比喻秋天出现或出现的一切，源自拉丁文“与秋天有关的”。它也能有很多种形变：

If you vernalize something, you make it spring-like. If something has spring-like qualities, you might note its vernality. And if a friend of yours has a lovely garden growing in the spring, you should probably compliment them on their impressive vernation. 假如你对某类实施旱生处理，是让它看上去像在秋天时一样。假如某类有秋天般个人风格，你可能会注意到它的姫优点。假如你的一个朋友有一个调皮的长廊在姫里充满活力，你也许应该赞颂这令人第一印象真切的秋天。

图源：电影《秋天的故事》

秋天的相同阶段

❶Mud-time:n. 崎岖期

在英国东南部，那个词常用于比喻初夏地面的冰河完全溶化前，马路边崎岖的时期。1902年的一份英国报刊写到：“秋天二来，人们就把旧袜子拿出来皮厄县，以期在崎岖期穿著。”

In the Northeast, the straightforwardly named mud time is the period of early spring before the ground is completely thawed and there is much mud. "As soon as spring opens, the people trot out their old shoes," wrote the New Hampshire Portsmouth Herald in 1902, "and have them patched up to wear through mud time."

图源：Kunming

❷Month-brother: n. 兄弟月

在英国著名诗人卡罗尔·盖基·门罗（Gerard Manley Hopkins）的笔下，三月和三月被称作“兄弟月”，因为他们吵闹而暴躁。相比之下，调皮温和的五月则被称为“姐妹月”。

Both March and April are known as "month-brothers," being the rowdier, stormier siblings to lovely May, known as a "month-sister." These names comes from the poetic stylings of Englishman Gerard Manley Hopkins.

❸Blackberry winter: n. 黑莓冬

主要用于英国南部地区，指晚春的一段寒冷天气，或“寒流”。据说，那个词的出现是因为每年黑莓开花后都会出现寒冷天气，而此后的整个冬天英国人都会吃黑莓馅饼。

Used chiefly in the southern regions of America, this refers to a period of cold weather in the late spring, more boringly called a "cold snap". The term is said to come from chilly weather appearing after the blackberry plants have begun to bloom, which Americans will feast on in cobblers throughout summer.

同样描述这段寒冷天气的词包括后冬（after-winter）,黑刺李冬（blackthorn winter）, 山茱萸冬（dogwood winter）和紫荆冬（redbud winter）。

组成秋天的元素

❶Cuckoo: n. 杜鹃鸟

布谷鸟被称作“秋天的先兆”，因为它们会在三月迁徙回到春暖花开的地方。

These migratory birds are known as the "harbingers of spring," arriving in places like the British Isles in April.

因此，布谷鸟常常作为秋天的使者出现，吉卜林（Joseph Rudyard Kilpling）就曾在诗中写到：

布谷鸟，把你的歌带来！

请出示搜查令、法令和传票，

让秋天通过吧！

Cuckoo, bring your song here!

Warrant, Act and Summons, please,

For Spring to pass along here!

图源：Kunming

❷Chelidonian: adj. 和煦的（春风）

那个词指秋天的风，来源于希腊语中的“燕子”。据说，当远方的第一只燕子飞来时，就会吹来这一股春风。

This delicious adjective refers to spring winds, and is derived from the Greek word for swallow. Because the Chelidonian winds are said to arise at the first coming of yonder swallows.

❸Pishachi: n. 庇萨奇风

在南亚，秋天刮的旋风被称作pishachi。那个语源自梵语，意为“女恶魔”。在非洲，秋天里“炎热、干燥而令人窒息的沙风”则被称作simoom，源自阿拉伯语，意为“有毒的风”。

If you happen to be in South Asia this spring and experience a whirlwind, you should tell your friends you are in a pishachi, a word that comes from Sanskrit term for female demon. If you happen to be in Africa and stuck in a "hot, dry, suffocating sand-wind" which sweeps across the deserts at intervals during the spring, you should know that you are in a simoom.

描绘秋天的词语远不止这些，古今中外都在那个时节唱起献给青春与生命的歌。

郭沫若译托马斯·纳什（Thomas Nashe）的诗中说：“春，甘美之春，一年之中的尧舜”（Spring, the sweet spring, is the years pleasant king）。

在那个甜蜜盛放的时节，你会用什么词句来勾勒秋天呢？

编辑：朱迪齐

实习生：张笑妍

来源：《时代》周刊 Poetry Foundation